Dev claim · claim-1467 · #118 of 154
“The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the upper layer of the oceans is increasing by about 2 billion tons per year.”
Claim tags (sorted stems; highlighted when a passage shares them)
- absorb
- amount
- billion
- carbon
- dioxid
- increas
- layer
- ocean
- per
- ton
- upper
- year
The model’s verdict
The Transformer retrained from the notebook (the 2024 weights were never saved), shown three ways. The first is how the notebook evaluated it.
Notebook protocol
Dev claims predicted in batches of 16, in file order, from the 2024 retrieved evidence, as the notebook does.
- Supports
- 60.1%
- Refutes
- 31.1%
- Not enough info
- 0.8%
- Disputed
- 7.9%
One claim at a time
The same model run on a single claim, which is how the Try-it page runs it.
- Supports
- 53.2%
- Refutes
- 34.1%
- Not enough info
- 8.0%
- Disputed
- 4.6%
With gold evidence
Fed the human-annotated evidence instead of retrieved passages. This is the 'val accuracy' the training loop reports.
- Supports
- 34.3%
- Refutes
- 10.1%
- Not enough info
- 44.7%
- Disputed
- 10.9%
Retrieved vs gold evidence
Gold passages were picked by the dataset’s annotators. Retrieved passages are what the TF-IDF rule returned from all 1.19M passages. Switch between the submitted 2024 output and the re-runs.
2024 submission
The passages the team actually retrieved and submitted in 2024 (their saved output file). The file records only passage ids, so scores are recomputed with the submission rule.
- Path
- not recorded
- Found
- 1 of 5 gold
- P
- 1.00
- R
- 0.20
- F
- 0.33
#1evidence-425667 gold evidence Human activities emit about 29 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, while volcanoes emit between 0.2 and 0.3 billion tons.
- volcano
- ton (shared with the claim)
- per (shared with the claim)
- billion (shared with the claim)
- dioxid (shared with the claim)
- carbon (shared with the claim)
- emit
- cos
- 0.601
- overlap
- 0.714
- score
- 1.315
- shared
- 5
Gold evidence (5)
evidence-425667 Human activities emit about 29 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, while volcanoes emit between 0.2 and 0.3 billion tons.
- volcano
- ton (shared with the claim)
- per (shared with the claim)
- billion (shared with the claim)
- dioxid (shared with the claim)
- carbon (shared with the claim)
- emit
evidence-956954 The oceans act as an enormous carbon sink, and have taken up about a third of CO 2 emitted by human activity.
- human
- enorm
- act
- taken
- co
- sink
- carbon (shared with the claim)
- ocean (shared with the claim)
- emit
evidence-923136 As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification.
- dioxid (shared with the claim)
- uptak
- increa
- ph
- decrea
- carbon (shared with the claim)
- ocean (shared with the claim)
- acidif
evidence-498380 Current annual increase in atmospheric CO2 is approximately 4 gigatons of carbon.
- atmosph
- annual
- increa
- carbon (shared with the claim)
- approxim
- current
evidence-257475 Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere at the ocean's surface at an exchange rate which varies locally but on average, the oceans have a net absorption of CO2 2.2 Pg C per year.
- atmosph
- vari
- absorpt
- exchang
- dioxid (shared with the claim)
- ocean (shared with the claim)
- absorb (shared with the claim)
- net
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Second opinion from an LLM
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